Nelson Mandela Long Walk To Freedom
Nelson Mandela
Introduction
This is a small passage that has been taken from the autobiography of Nelson Mandela he is spent a lifetime fighting against and Apartheid in South Africa. he had to pass 30 years in prison facing torches and troubles. It was the year 1994 when democratic elections were held there. His party got measured votes in South Africa. he became the first Black president of a new nation. The passage describes the troubles about the freedom that he and his pants have to face. It also throws light on how his hunger for freedom became of Supreme importance to him.
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Summary
Sworn- in- ceremony: Mr. De Klerk was the first to be sworn in as second Deputy president. Then
Thabo Mbeki was sworn In as first Deputy President. After that Nelson pledged to overrule the constitution. He also promised to dedicate himself to the well-being of its people. to the assembled guests and the watching world. A long human disaster has passed today and we have got the privilege to host international guests at his soil. We thank all of them who helped in getting a common victory for justice, peace, and human dignity. we pledge to liberate all from poverty, suffering, deprivation, and gender discrimination. let freedom reign and God bless Africa.
Spectacular Array of African jets: a few moments, spectacular of the south in jets passed over the union buildings. Then there were the highest generals of Defense and police force sowing deer loyalty to the nation. In the end, a v-shaped Impala jet left with a smoke trail of the black, red, green, blue, and gold of the new South Africa flag.
Two national anthems were played. Nelson remembers the time when in the first decade of the 29th century, a compromise was made to remove all their differences among the people of South Africa. a system of racial domination was created against the dark-skinned people. it was the most in the human system. He told me that he had overturned that system. Diu Rekha Ganesan to the rights and freedom of people had been granted. He showed great concern over thousands of his people who had sacrificed themselves for this Nation.
The policy of apartheid- a deep wound:-- Nelson told that the policy of apartheid had created a deep wound. it would take years to recover. Many famous people had lost their lives. but he said that the people of his country are the greatest wealth. they are pure and plural than the diamonds. from the Martyrs he has learned the meaning of courage. A brave man never feels left-right but conquers fears.No one is born to hate others. people must learn to hate and if they can learn to hate, they can beat out to love. we must know that love comes more naturally to over hurts, in prison to he saw the flame of humanity. We must know that man's goodness is a flame that never blows out.
Twin obligations of a man: in life, every man has two obligations. in one obligation he has to work for his family, parents, wife, and children. On the other, he has to work for his family, community, and country. In this society, man can fulfill them according to his abilities. but in South Africa, it was impossible to account for water and other discrimination. Nelson said that in fulfilling these obligations he was prevented from doing so. though I was born free I had no hunger to be free. but I realize that my boyhood freedom was an illusion. As a student, I wanted freedom for myself. As a youth, I desired for the basic and Honorable freedom of earning money and leading my life. but slowly I saw that I was not free.”
Joining the African National Congress - Nelson said that he realized that the freedom of everyone was reduced. so I joined the national African Congress. This is the Hunger that made a home for me I desired for the freedom of my people to live with dignity and self-respect. As a result of this is a fearful person turned bold. A family loving man became a criminal, homeless, and Monk. I could not enjoy even Limited freedom. I knew that my people were not free. They were under change and their change Barauni. I knew that the operation must be freed. A man who takes away the freedom of others is a Prisoner of hatred. He is locked behind the bars of hatred and narrow mindedness. so, I am not free if I take the freedom of others. it is a reality that by taking away freedom, we are robbing them of their humanity.
हिंदी सारांश
दक्षिण अफ्रीका में प्रथम प्रजातांत्रिक सरकार का राज्य अभिषेक- यह 10 मई का दिन था जब दक्षिण अफ्रीका पर शानदार और स्पष्ट रोशनी का शुभारंभ हुआ। प्रीटोरिया में मनोहर बलबू पत्थर से बनी रंगभूमि में अंतरराष्ट्रीय नेताओं की भारी भीड़ इकट्ठी हुई । यह श्वेत प्रभुत्व का अंत था। दूसरी ओर यह दक्षिण अफ्रीका में प्रथम प्रजातंत्र एक बिना रंगभेद से बनी प्रथम सरकार का मनोहर राज्याभिषेक था। नेल्सन के साथ उनकी लड़की जिन आनी थी।
शपथ ग्रहण समारोह- सर्वप्रथम मिस्टर डी क्लार्क को वित्तीय उपराष्ट्रपति के रूप में शपथ दिलाई गई। फिर था वो मैथिली को प्रथम उप राष्ट्रपति के रूप में शपथ दिलाई गई। इसके उपरांत नेल्सन ने संविधान के प्रति आज्ञाकारी होने की शपथ ग्रहण की। उसने स्वयं को दक्षिण अफ्रीका के लोगों की कुशल सेम के प्रति समर्पित होने की शपथ ली। एकत्रित अतिथियों की ओर देखते हुए संसार को उन्होंने कहा कि हम नव जन्मी स्वतंत्रता को शांत तथा आशा देंगे। एक भारी मानव बर्बादी समाप्त हो गई है। आज हमें इस धरा पर अंतरराष्ट्रीय अतिथियों का आतिथ्य करने का नैतिक अधिकार प्राप्त हुआ है। हम उन सभी का आभार प्रकट करते हैं जिन्होंने न्याय शांति तथा मानव ज्ञान हेतु एक जन विजय प्राप्त करने में सहायता की है। हम सभी की गरीबी, कठिनाई, अलगाववाद तथा लिंग एवं रंगभेद अंतर से स्वतंत्रता दिलाने को वचनबद्ध है यह स्वतंत्रता का शासन हो और ईश्वर अफ्रीका को आशीर्वाद दें।
अफ्रीकी विमानों का आकर्षण कारी एवं रंगीन दृश्य:- कुछ ही क्षणों के बाद यूनियन बिल्डिंग के ऊपर से अफ्रीकी विमानों का एक आकर्षक एक रंगीन दृश्य गुजरा। इसके बाद रक्षा तथा पुलिस के आला अफसर थे जो राष्ट्र के प्रति अपनी वफादारी का प्रदर्शन कर रहे थे। अंत में एक V आकर आकार का इंप्ला जेट विमान दक्षिणी अफ्रीका के झंडे के रूप में काले, लाल, हरे, नीले और सुनहरे रंग में आकाश में पुच्छल धूआ के रूप में प्रदर्शित हुए दो राष्ट्रीय गान गाय गए। नेल्सन को वह समय याद आया जब बीसवीं शताब्दी के प्रथम दशक में एक समझौता दक्षिण अफ्रीका के लोगों के मध्य अपने सभी अंतर दूर करने संबंधी था। यह काले रंग के लोगों के विरुद्ध एक रंगभेद प्रभुत्व का सिस्टम था। यह एक अत्यंत ही अमानवीय सिस्टम था। नेल्सन ने बताया कि उसने इस सिस्टम को उलट दिया है लोगों के अधिकारों और स्वतंत्रता को उचित सम्मान दिया गया है उसने उन हजारों लोगों के प्रति आभार एवं दुख प्रकट किया जिन्होंने इस देश के लिए अपनी जान कुर्बान कर दी है।
रंगभेद की नीति एवं गहरा जख्म:- नेल्सन ने कहा कि रंगभेद की नीति में एक गहरा जख्म पैदा कर दिया है इसे ठीक होने में काफी वर्ष लगेंगे। बहुत से प्रसिद्ध लोगों की जानें चली गई है परंतु उसने कहा कि इस देश के लोग ही सबसे महान संपदा है। वह हीरो से कहीं अधिक शुद्ध एवं सच्चे हैं। शहीदों से उसने धैर्य के अर्थ को समझा है यह शक्तिशाली मनुष्य कभी घबराता नहीं परंतु डर के ऊपर विजय प्राप्त करता है। कोई भी मनुष्य जन्म से दूसरे के प्रति घृणा के लिए नहीं है। लोगों को घृणा करनी सीखनी चाहिए अगर वह नफरत करनी सीखते हैं तो उन्हें प्यार करना भी सिखाया जा सकता है। हमें जानना चाहिए कि प्यार हमारे दिलों में अधिक प्राकृतिक रूप से उमड़ता है। उसने जेल में भी मानवता की ज्वाला देखी हमें यह जानना चाहिए कि मनुष्य की भलाई ही एक ज्वाला है जो कभी भी बुझती नहीं है।
मनुष्य के दो नैतिक बंधन:- जीवन में प्रत्येक मनुष्य के दो नैतिक बंधन है- प्रथम नैतिक बंधन में उसे अपने परिवार, माता पिता, पत्नी और बच्चों के प्रति कार्य करने का है। दूसरा बंधन मैं उसे अपने लोगों समुदाय, और देश के प्रति कार्य करने से है।
अफ्रीकी राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस में सम्मिलित होना नेल्सन ने कहा:- मैंने अनुभव किया कि सभी लोगों की स्वतंत्रता को कम किया हुआ था अतः मैंने अफ्रीकी राष्ट्रीय कांग्रेस में सम्मिलित हुआ। यही वह भूख थी जिसने मेरे दिल में जगह बनाई । मैंने अपने लोगों के लिए ज्ञान तथा आत्मसम्मान से स्वतंत्र स्नेह की इच्छा की। इसके परिणाम स्वरूप एक डरपोक मानव धैर्यवान मानव बन बैठा। बच्चों के प्रति कार्य करने का है
Word Meaning
Apartheid- A political system that रंगभेद separates people according to their race | Recently very soonअभी अभी हाल में | Finally- in the end अंतमे Autobiography - history of life written by himself जीवन गाथा | Occasion-chanceअवसर | Century- a period of hundred years शताब्दी | Inauguration -an act of commencing formally उद्घाटन | Took place- happened घटित हुआ | Amphitheater- an Open Theater with seats रंगभूमि Dignitaries-man of Excellence उच्च पद के | Operation- cruelty उत्पीड़न | Jubilant- rejoicing प्रफुल्लित |Unimaginable-that which can't be imagine जिसकी कल्पना ही नहीं की जा सकती | Dawned-begin आरंभ होना | besieged by-surrounded closely by समीप से घेरना | Ceremony-religious performance शिष्टाचार | Decade-A period of 10 years 10 वर्ष | Supremacy- higher authority of power प्रभुत्व | Installation- act of placing in an office अधिकार पर नियुक्त करना |Accompanied- helped by, support by राजगद्दी पर बैठना | Podium-platform मंच | Pledged- took an oath शपथ लेना | Uphold- sustain ,support समर्थन देना |Devote- to engage समर्पित कर देना |Confer- give देना | Glory- greatness and respect शान |Liberty- freedom स्वतंत्रता |Disaster-ruin आपदा | Lasted- stayed too long बहुत देर तक रहना |Outlaws-a person deprived of the protection of law गुलाम |Privilege-special right विशेषाधिकार | Distinguished- eminent प्रसिद्ध | Possession- to own, to occupy अधिकार प्राप्त करना | Emancipation - freedom from बंधनों से स्वतंत्रता | Deprivation-State of not having once rightful benefits वंचित रखना | Discrimination-being treated different अंतर करना भेदभाव |Glorious- full of Glory शानदार| Reign - to rule राज्य करना |Awe- in surprise आश्चर्य में |Spectacular- attractive रंगीन |Array - adorn अलंकृत करना | Demonstration- military show प्रदर्शन | Bedecked- adorned सजाया | unmindful of- ignorant of अबोध होना chevron- pattern in the shape of V का निशान | Symbolized-have a typical resemblance विशिष्ट समानता रखना | Despised-hate घृणा करना | Overwhelmed-overcame अभिभूत हो ना | patch up-remove सुलह कर लेना | Domination- authority प्रभुत्व |Overturned- change बदल देना | Regardless- heedless उदासीन |Wrought-done achieved प्राप्त होना | Profound- deep गहन | Brutality-cruelty निर्दयता | Unintended- undesired अवांछित |Generosity-Openness उदारता |Beneath- under नीचे |Comrades- friends मित्र |Struggle-physical inflection संघर्ष | Defies-disregard अनादर करना |Triumph trains- victory, conquer विजय |Grimmest-horrible भयंकर |pushed to our limits-Pushed to last point to bear pain अंतिम तक ले | जाना Glimmer- dim light प्रभा | Extinguished- put out बुझाना | Twin- double two दो | Obligations- moral binding नैतिक बंधन | Inclinations-natural tendencies of behavior व्यवहार के प्राकृतिक गुण | Attempted- tried प्रयत्न किया |Isolated-separated अलग करना | Inevitable-unavoidable | Ripped-cut off, separate अलग करना |Rebellion- revolt राजद्रोह | prevented from- Pro habitat रोकना | Mealies-an African maize अफ्रीका की मक्का | Abided by-obey आज्ञा का पालन करना | Illusion-doubt भ्रम | Discovered-found खोजा | Transitory- temporary अस्थाई |Yearned-longed तरस खाना | Potential- capable of of existing अंतः शक्ति |Obstructed- disturbed रुकावट डालना | Desire- wish इच्छा |Animated-give a life to उत्तेजित करना | Transformed- changed परिवर्तन करना |Frightened- fearful भयभीत |Bold- courageous साहसी | Attorney-representative प्रतिनिधि | Monk - Holy man साधु | Virtuous-full of qualities गुणवान |Invisible-that which can't be divided अवीभाजित | Oppressor- that one oppresses निर्दय | Prejudice- hatred पूर्वाग्रह प्रतिकूल प्रभाव | Narrow-mindedness- narrow in thoughts संकीर्णता | Alike- similar समान |robbed off- cheated लूट लेना | Oppressed - keep under bondage उत्पीड़ित | Criminal- one who who does some crime अपराधी |Limited- in some limit सीमित |to take away- snatch छीनना | Impossible- improbable असंभव |
Oral Comprehension Check
Q1. Where did the ceremonies take place? name public buildings made of sandstone in India?
And. The ceremonies were held in the union buildings amphitheater in Pretoria. It was a grand occasion to see. In India, we have many public buildings made of sandstone.
Q2. Can you say how May 10th is an autumn day in South Africa?
Ans. In South Africa coma May 10th is an autumn day. on this day the people were free from all discrimination of color and race .further in the autumn, old leaves fall from the tree and give birth to new ones. in the same way, all racial differences were over in South Africa. there was a new birth of democracy.
Q3. At the beginning of a speech, Mandela mentions an extraordinary human disaster? What does he mean by this? what is the glorious human achievement he speaks off at the end?
Ans. Nelson means to say that the people of South Africa were the victims of racial discrimination. they were not free. they were looked down upon by the whites. He calls it a glorious human achievement. there will never be a slave of racial and color differences.
Q4. What does Mandela thank the international leaders for?
Ans. Nelson Mandela thanked the international leaders who have helped the people of South Africa. they have come in taking the position of common victory for justice for peace and for human dignity.
Q5. What ideals does he set out for the future of South Africa?
Ans. Nelson Mandela sets out many ideas for the future of his country some of them are
People will be free from poverty, deprivation, suffering, gender, and other discrimination.
They will never experience oppression by others.
The glorious human achievement will never be blown out.
Oral comprehension check
Q1. What do the military generals do? how has their attitude changed, and why?
Ans. Military Chandra shows their loyalty to democracy. They Saluted Mandela. On being elected by the people and being their president the generals have to bring a change in their attitude. now they were the servants of the people and not the whites.
Q2. Why were two national anthems sung?
Ans. Because of both the whites and blacks for the parties to the formation of the republic. both have their different National anthems. In order to give all the equal honor and recognition, two national anthems were sung. This would help in removing all racial differences.
Q3. How does Mandela describe the system of government in his country in the 20th century?
first Decade
final decade?
Ans. In the first decade of the 20th century, the white skin removed their differences. they erected a system of racial discrimination against the blacks. This created the most inhuman structure for structure.
In the final decade of the 20th century, that system was overturned by Mandela. all are equally free to enjoy their rights.
Q4. What does courage mean to Mandela?
Ans. By courage, Mandela means the triumph of fear. A brave man is not who does not feel afraid but he conquers over fear.
Q5. Which does he think it natural, to love, or to hate?
Ans. Nelson thinks, “to love” is natural since it comes more naturally in our hearts.
Oral comprehension check
Q1. What ‘twin obligations’ does Mandela mention?
Ans. By twin obligation, Mandela mentioned two points. In one obligation, a man has to work for his family, parents, wife, and children.
In another obligation, one has an obligation for his people, community, and country.
Q2. What was the meaning for the word ‘free’ for Mandela both as a student and boy?
Ans. As a boy, Mandela was free in every way. He could freely run to the fields and swim in the stream. as long as he obeyed the laws and his parents, he was not troubled. but he learned that his freedom was an illusion. As a student, he wanted freedom for himself. He wanted the freedom to stay out at night when he earned for the basic and honorable freedom of achieving his potential, he felt that he was not free. his freedom was curtailed.
Q3. Does Mandela think that the oppressor is free?Why?why not?
Ans. according to Mandela neither the oppressor nor the oppressed is free. Both are similar since they are robbed of their Humanity.
Thinking about language
Q1. Why did international leaders attend the inauguration? what did it signify the triumph of?
Ans. A large number of international leaders attended the inauguration because it was a very common victory for justice, for peace, and for human dignity. it was the complete end of racial discrimination in South Africa. it signifies the triumph of humanity against oppression, fear, sufferings, and gender discrimination. It recognizes the rights and freedom of all people regardless of their color.
Q2. What does Mandela mean when he says he is ‘ is simply the sum of all those African patriots’ who had gone before him?
Ans. during the apartheid movement, 8000 people give sacrifices and suffered a lot. it was impossible for Mandela to repay their courage. but he could simply say that he himself was their past and parcel in the struggle. He was deeply concerned that they were not able to see the result of their sacrifices.
Q3. Would you agree that the ‘ the depths of oppression ‘ create ‘ heights of the character’? How does Mandela illustrate this? Give your viewpoint on this argument?
Ans. We agree that the depth of operation creates the height of character stop during the Apartheid struggle in South Africa, people had to face operation and brutality For decades together. this produced many great men like Oliver Tambo's, the Waller Sisulas, the Bram fishers, and so on. they had extraordinary wisdom, courage, and generosity.
In India, we find such people like Lala Lajpat Rai, Rani Lakshmi Bai, and Bhagat Singh, etc.
Q4. How did Mandela's understanding of freedom change with age and experience?
Ans. Mandela's understanding of freedom changed with age and experience. During boyhood, he learned that freedom was an illusion. as a youth, he realized that freedom had been taken away from him. with the advantage of age and experience, he felt that only his freedom but also the freedom of everyone is curtailed. so he decided to join the African National Congress to have freedom for all.
Q5. How did Mandela’s hunger for freedom’ change his life?
Ans. After being deeply touched by the fact that the freedom of everybody was curtailed, his hunger for freedom changed the part of his life. He desired that the people's country should live with dignity and self-respect. Mandela found that he could not enjoy Limited and poor freedom until his people were not free. according to him:” freedom is indivisible”.
Moral
The moral of the story is that one who firmly believes in freedom cannot rest and will always fight for it.
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